Sodium hydroxide, a na-akpọkarị soda soda, ọkụ soda, soda soda, bụ alkali dị ukwuu na forkali n'ụdị nke flakes, granules, ma ọ bụ ihe mgbochi. Ọ na-agbanye ya na mmiri (ọ na-ewepụta okpomọkụ mgbe etisasịwo na mmiri) ma na-etolite usoro alkaline. Ọ bụ ihe na-emeli ma nwee ike ịmịkọrọ mmiri dị mfe na carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide (mmebi) na ikuku. Enwere ike ịgbakwunye ma acid acid iji chọpụta ma ọ na-aka njọ. Na-agbanye mmiri na mmiri, ethanol, na glycerol, mana enweghị nsogbu na ether. Ngwaahịa dị ọcha bụ kristal enweghị agba na transperent. Ntinye 2.13g / cm3. Na-agbaze 48 ℃. Isi mmiri 1388 ℃. Ngwa ahịa ndị ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ nwere obere ego sodium chloride na sodium carbonate, nke bụ kristal ọcha. Ka anyị kwuo banyere ngwa ndị sodium hydroxide na usoro ọgwụgwọ elu igwe.
1. Maka mwepụ mmanụ, jiri sodium hydroxide imeghachi Esta na mmanụ mmanụ na anụmanụ iji mepụta sodium-sodible) na glycerin (glycerin). Mgbe ịta nke sodium hydroxide mbelata na pH na-erughị 10.5, sodium staate ga-ebelata na iwepụ mmanụ a ga-ebelata; Ọ bụrụ na ịta ahụ dị oke elu, ngbanwe nke sodium staate ma see ala, na-ebute na-asa ahụ mmiri na hydrogen. Sodium dosage n'ozuzu anaghị agafe 100G / l. A na-eji sodium hydroxide na-eji ọtụtụ ebe na akụkụ ọla, dị ka steepụ dị iche iche, ndị na-anaghị emebi emebi, dị ka akụkụ dị iche iche, maka mgbatị ahụ tupu ịta. Agbanyeghị, ekwesighi iji sodium hydroxide mee ihe iji mee ka ala alkali-soluble akụkụ dị ka aluminom na zinc. Akụkụ nke alkaline dị mma maka Askaline, polySlulfone, akụkụ polystyrene, wdg sel na-adịghị mma maka ngwọta alkaline adịghị mma maka mgbalị alkaline.
2. Met etching ngwa ①. Na ọgwụgwọ nke aluminom alloy tupu oxidation, nnukwu ego sodium hydroxide a na-eji alkali ettali. Usoro a bụ usoro ọgwụgwọ a na-ahọpụta tupu aluminom alloy kexidation. A na-ejikwa nnukwu sodium hydroxide A na-ejikwa aluminom kewara etching. ②. Hydroxide Hydroxide bụ ihe dị mkpa etching ihe dị mkpa na kemịkalụ etchming usoro nke aluminom na alloys. Ọ bụkwa usoro a na-ahụkarị nke a na-ahụkarị taa. N'ime usoro alumini na alloys, ọdịnaya nke sodium hydroxide a na-achịkwa 100 ~ 200ng / l. , na ka ịta nke sodium hydroxide na-abawanye, nke na-agba ọsọ ọsọ. Agbanyeghị, ọ bụrụ na ịta ahụ dị oke elu, ọ ga-eme ka ọnụ ahịa ahụ dịkwuo elu. Ọdịmma nke a na-emebi ihe ụfọdụ nke alumini. Mmeghachi omume a bụ ndị ai + Na + H2O = Naio2 + H2 ↑
3. Na Electroplation na kemịkalụ ngwa kemịkalụ, a na-ejikwa sodium hydroxide a na-eji ya na alkaline ting na ịba ama alkaline. Karịsịa na alkaline Zinc, nke na-ezuru sodium hydroxide bụ ọnọdụ dị mkpa iji dozie nkwụsi ike; Na ihe atụ electroless ya maka ndozi nke ihe na-acha uhie uhie; Ejiri maka nkwadebe nke imiconsion tupu aluminom alloy electroys ihe ngosi / Electroplating, wdg. Ngwa na cyanide Zinc. Sodium hydroxide bụ onye ọzọ na-eche na mmiri ịsa ahụ. Ọ gbara ya gburugburu na zinc eys iji mepụta eons, nke na-eme ịsa ahụ ka sie ike ma na-eme ka ihe dị na ịsa ahụ dị mma. Ya mere, cadide ahụ dị ugbu a na ike ike nke ihe ngwọta a na-akawanye mma. Mgbe afọ sodium hydroxide dị elu dị elu, a na-agbada na-agbada ngwa ngwa, na-eme ka ọdịnaya mkpụrụ osisi zinc dị na ngwọta iji nwee ike ịbawanye. Ọ bụrụ na sodium hydroxide dị ala, omume nke ihe ngwọta adịghị mma, arụmọrụ ugbu a na-ebelata, na mkpuchi ga-adịkwa ike. N'ime usoro ịcha akpụ nke na-enweghị sodium hydroxide, arụmọrụ Calide dị ala. Dị ka ịta nke sodium hydroxide na-abawanye, ọrụ katọndị nke nta nke nta na-abawanye. Mgbe ịta sodium hydroxide ruru ụfọdụ ego (dịka 80g / l), arụmọrụ CAIDE na-erute uru kachasị elu ma na-anọkarị mgbe niile. ②. Ngwa na Zincte Electroplating: Sodium hydroxide bụ onye na-ahụ maka ịkpa agwa na nsị na-eduzi. Obere sodium hydroxide nwere ike ime ka ihe dị mgbagwoju anya sie ike ma nwee oke ime ihe ka mma, nke bara uru iji mee ka ike gwụsị nke usoro ngosipụta. , ma kwe ka ọgbaghara jupụta na ya. Onema Oxidi nke zincy oxide na sodium hydroxide na-acha odo odo na-acha uhie uhie dị ka 1: (10 ~ 14), na obere obere maka inye ihe na-akwụ ụgwọ. Mgbe ọdịnaya sodium hydroxide dị oke elu, a na-agbada agbada ngwa ngwa, ịta nke zinc eons na ịsa ahụ dị oke elu. Ọ bụrụ na ọdịnaya dị ala, omume nke ịsa ahụ na-enye mmiri na-ebelata, a na-emepụta mmiri nke zincy, nke na-emetụta ogo mkpuchi. ③. Ngwa na Alkaline TIN. Na ịza nká, ọrụ nke sodium hydroxide bụ ijipụta ihe siri ike na tin nnu, meziwanye ihe omume, ma na-eme ka ịghachị nkịtị. Dị ka ịta sodium hydroxide na-abawanye, polarization na-esikwu ike na ike mgbasawanye na-abawanye, mana ọrụ dị ugbu a na-ebelata. Ọ bụrụ na sodium hydroxide dị oke elu, ọ na-esiri gị ike iji nọgide na-enwe ọnọdụ nke na-asọ oyi ma na-efe efe nke ọma. Ya mere, na-achịkwa ịta sodium hydroxide dị mkpa karịa ịchịkwa ọdịnaya nnu nnu. A na-achịkwa sodium hydroxide a na-achịkwa na 7 ~ 15G / l, ma ọ bụrụ na ejiri potassium hydroxide a na-eji, a na-achịkwa ya na 10 ~ 20G / l. Na Alkaline Electroless na-egosi usoro na-ese ihe ọla kọpa, na-edozizikota uru PH nke ihe ngwọta, jigide nkwụsi ike nke ihe ngwọta ma nye mbelata alkaline maka mbelata alkaline. N'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ịba ụba ịta sodium hydroxide nwere ike ịbawanye ọsọ ọla kọpa na-enweghị ike ịbawanye ọsọ nke nkwụnye ọla, kama ị ga-ebelata nkwụsi ike nke ihe ngwọta eletrik. A na-ejikwa sodium hydroxide na-ejikwa ọtụtụ ebe kexidation nke ígwè. Nta nke sochiri sodium hydroxide na-emetụta ọsọ oxidation nke ígwè. Enwere ike carbon steel nwere ọsọ ọsọ ọsọ na ntinye aka dị ala (550 ~ 650g / l) enwere ike iji ya. Enwere ike iji carbon steepụ carbon na-agba ọsọ ọsọ na ịdị elu ịta (600 ~ 00g / l) enwere ike iji ya. Mgbe ịta sodium hydroxide dị elu, ihe nkiri oxide bụ thicker, mana uzuzu a na-anyụ ma porous, na uzuzu ọbara ọbara na-adịkarị mfe ịpụta. Ọ bụrụ na ịta nke sodium hydroxide karịrị 1100g / l, a na-etisasị igwe irok oxide ma ọ gaghị eto ihe nkiri. Ntinye nke sodium hydroxide ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị oke ala, ihe nkiri oxide ga-adị gịrịgịrị na elu ga-abụ onye dara ogbenye.
4. Ngwa na ọgwụgwọ: sodium hydroxide bụ ihe na-eji na-anọpụ iche na-echechi anya na igwe ion na-eme ka ihe nkiri na-enweghị isi, na-egbochi ya, na-anagide ya, wdg.
Oge Post: Sepp-04-2024
