Kedu ka esi akwụ ụgwọ zinc?

Ọnụ ego mba ụwa nke akụrụngwa zinc na-emetụta ozugbo site na mmekọrịta ọkọnọ na ọchịchọ na ọnọdụ akụ na ụba.Nkesa akụrụngwa zinc zuru ụwa ọnụ bụ nke etinyere na mba ndị dị ka Australia na China, ebe mba ndị na-emepụta ihe bụ China, Peru na Australia.Oriri Zinc gbadoro ụkwụ na mpaghara Eshia Pacific na Europe na America.Jianeng bụ nnukwu onye na-emepụta ihe na onye na-ere ahịa nke ọla zinc, na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na ọnụ ahịa zinc.Akụ zinc nke China debere ọkwa nke abụọ n'ụwa, mana ọkwa adịghị elu.Mmepụta ya na oriri ya bụ ọkwa mbụ n'ụwa, na ịdabere na mpụga ya dị elu.

Otu bụ na LME bụ naanị mgbanwe ọdịnihu zinc zuru ụwa ọnụ, na-ewere ọnọdụ kachasị na ahịa ọdịnihu zinc.

E hiwere LME na 1876 wee malite ịzụ ahịa zinc n'oge na mmalite ya.N'afọ 1920, ịzụ ahịa zinc malitere.Kemgbe 1980s, LME abụrụla ihe mgbochi nke ahịa zinc ụwa, ọnụ ahịa gọọmentị ya na-egosipụtakwa mgbanwe dị na ọkọnọ zinc na ọchịchọ zuru ụwa ọnụ, bụ nke a ma ama gburugburu ụwa.Enwere ike ịgbachitere ọnụ ahịa ndị a site na ọdịnihu dị iche iche na nkwekọrịta nhọrọ na LME.Ọrụ ahịa nke zinc bụ nke atọ na LME, nke abụọ karịa ọla kọpa na ọdịnihu aluminom.

Nke abuo, New York Mercantile Exchange (COMEX) meghere azụmaahịa zinc n'ọdịnihu nkenke, mana ọ gara nke ọma.

COMEX ji obere oge rụọ ọdịnihu zinc site na 1978 ruo 1984, mana n'ozuzu ya agaghị aga nke ọma.N'oge ahụ, ndị America na-emepụta zinc siri ike na ọnụahịa zinc, nke mere na COMEX enweghị oke azụmahịa azụmahịa zinc zuru oke iji nye nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta, na-eme ka ọ ghara ikwe omume maka zinc ikpe ikpe n'etiti LME na COMEX dị ka azụmahịa ọla kọpa na ọlaọcha.N'oge a, ahia igwe COMEX na-elekwasị anya na ọdịnihu yana nkwekọrịta nhọrọ maka ọla edo, ọlaọcha, ọla kọpa na aluminom.

Nke atọ bụ na Shanghai Stock Exchange kwadoro ọdịnihu Shanghai Zinc Futures na 2007, na-ekere òkè na usoro ịnye ọnụahịa zinc zuru ụwa ọnụ.

Enwere obere azụmaahịa zinc na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Shanghai Stock Exchange.N'ihe dị ka mmalite 1990s, zinc bụ ihe dị iche iche na-azụ ahịa ogologo oge yana ọla ndị dị ka ọla kọpa, aluminum, lead, tin, na nickel.Otú ọ dị, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ịzụ ahịa zinc na-ebelata kwa afọ, na ka ọ na-erule 1997, ịzụ ahịa zinc akwụsịla.N'afọ 1998, n'oge nhazi nhazi nke ahịa ọdịnihu, ụdị ịzụ ahịa igwe anaghị agba nchara nwere naanị ọla kọpa na aluminom, na zinc na ụdị ndị ọzọ kagburu.Ka ọnụ ahịa zinc nọgidere na-arị elu na 2006, a na-akpọ oku mgbe niile maka ọdịnihu zinc ịlaghachi n'ahịa.Na Machị 26, 2007, Shanghai Stock Exchange kwupụtara ọdịnihu zinc, na-ebuga mgbanwe mpaghara na ọkọnọ na ọchịchọ nke ahịa zinc nke China na ahịa mba ụwa yana isonye na usoro ọnụahịa zinc zuru ụwa ọnụ.

Usoro ọnụahịa bụ isi maka ntụpọ zinc n'ahịa mba ụwa bụ iji ọnụahịa nkwekọrịta ọdịnihu zinc dị ka ọnụ ahịa benchmark, ma tinye akara kwekọrọ dị ka ntụpọ ntụpọ.Usoro nke ọnụahịa ntụpọ zinc mba ụwa na ọnụ ahịa ọdịnihu LME na-agbanwe agbanwe, n'ihi na ọnụahịa LME zinc na-eje ozi dị ka ụkpụrụ ọnụahịa ogologo oge maka ndị na-azụ ahịa na ndị na-ere ọla zinc, ọnụ ahịa ya kwa ọnwa na-ejekwa ozi dị ka ntọala ọnụahịa maka ịzụ ahịa ntụpọ ọla zinc. .

Otu bụ mgbago elu na mgbada nke ọnụ ahịa zinc site na 1960 ruo 1978;Nke abụọ bụ oge oscillation site na 1979 ruo 2000;Nke atọ bụ usoro mgbago elu na mgbada ngwa ngwa site na 2001 ruo 2009;Nke anọ bụ oge mgbanwe site na 2010 ruo 2020;Nke ise bụ oge na-agbago ngwa ngwa kemgbe 2020. Ebe ọ bụ na 2020, n'ihi mmetụta nke ọnụ ahịa ike Europe, ikike inye zinc ebelatala, na mmụba ngwa ngwa nke ọchịchọ zinc emeela ka nlọghachi azụ na ọnụ ahịa zinc, nke na-aga n'ihu na-arị elu na karịa. $3500 kwa ton.

Na 2022, akụkọ kachasị ọhụrụ sitere na United States Geological Survey (USGS) na-egosi na akụrụngwa zinc zuru ụwa ọnụ bụ ijeri ijeri 1.9, na ihe nchekwa ọla kọpa zuru ụwa ọnụ bụ tọn ọla dị nde 210.Ọstrelia nwere ihe nchekwa ọla kọpa zinc kacha, na nde tọn 66, na-aza 31.4% nke mkpokọta mba ụwa.Ihe nchekwa ọla zinc nke China bụ nke abụọ na Australia, na nde tọn 31, na-aza 14.8% nke mkpokọta ụwa.Mba ndị ọzọ nwere nnukwu ihe nchekwa zinc gụnyere Russia (10.5%), Peru (8.1%), Mexico (5.7%), India (4.6%), na mba ndị ọzọ, ebe ngụkọta zinc nke mba ndị ọzọ nwere pasenti 25. ngụkọta zuru ụwa ọnụ.

Nke mbụ, mmepụta ihe akụkọ ihe mere eme nke zinc gara n'ihu na-abawanye, na-ebelata ntakịrị n'ime afọ iri gara aga.A na-atụ anya na mmepụta ahụ ga-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ gbakee n'ọdịnihu.

Mmepụta ọla kọpa zuru ụwa ọnụ na-aga n'ihu na-abawanye ruo ihe karịrị otu narị afọ, na-erute ọnụ ọgụgụ ya na 2012 site na mmepụta kwa afọ nke nde metal 13.5 nke zinc itinye uche.N'ime afọ ndị na-esote, enweela ntakịrị ọdịda, ruo n'afọ 2019, mgbe uto maliteghachiri.Agbanyeghị, ntiwapụ nke COVID-19 na 2020 mere ka mmepụta mpụta zinc zuru ụwa ọnụ daa ọzọ, yana mmepụta kwa afọ na-agbada site na 700000 ton, 5.51% kwa afọ, na-ebute oke zinc zuru ụwa ọnụ yana ịrị elu ọnụahịa na-aga n'ihu.Site n'ibelata ọrịa ahụ, mmepụta nke zinc ji nwayọọ nwayọọ laghachi na ọkwa nke 13 nde tọn.Nnyocha na-egosi na site na mgbake nke akụ na ụba ụwa na nkwalite ahịa ahịa, mmepụta zinc ga-anọgide na-eto eto n'ọdịnihu.

Nke abụọ bụ na mba ndị nwere nnukwu zinc zuru ụwa ọnụ bụ China, Peru, na Australia.

Dabere na data sitere na United States Bureau of Geological Survey (USGS), mmepụta ọla zinc zuru ụwa ọnụ ruru nde tọn 13 na 2022, ebe China nwere mmepụta kacha elu nke nde igwe 4.2, na-aza 32.3% nke ngụkọta zuru ụwa ọnụ.Mba ndị ọzọ nwere nnukwu ọla zinc gụnyere Peru (10.8%), Australia (10.0%), India (6.4%), United States (5.9%), Mexico (5.7%), na mba ndị ọzọ.Ngụkọta mmepụta nke ogbunigwe zinc na mba ndị ọzọ bụ 28.9% nke mkpokọta ụwa.

Nke atọ, ndị na-emepụta zinc zuru ụwa ọnụ ise bụ ihe dịka 1/4 nke mmepụta ụwa, na usoro mmepụta ha nwere mmetụta ụfọdụ na ọnụahịa zinc.

Na 2021, mkpokọta mmepụta kwa afọ nke ndị na-emepụta zinc ise kachasị n'ụwa bụ ihe dị ka nde tọn 3.14, na-aza ihe dịka 1/4 nke mmepụta zinc zuru ụwa ọnụ.Ọnụ ahịa mmepụta zinc karịrị ijeri US dollar 9.4, nke Glencore PLC mepụtara ihe dị ka tọn 1.16 nde zinc, Hindustan Zinc Ltd mepụtara ihe dị ka tọn 790000 nke zinc, Teck Resources Ltd mepụtara 610000 tọn zinc, Zijin Mining mepụtara ihe dị ka tọn 310000 zinc, na Boliden AB mepụtara ihe dị ka tọn 270000 nke zinc.Ndị na-emepụta zinc buru ibu na-emetụtakarị ọnụ ahịa zinc site na atụmatụ nke "ịbelata mmepụta na idobe ọnụ ahịa", nke gụnyere imechi ogbunigwe na ịchịkwa mmepụta iji nweta ebumnobi nke ibelata mmepụta na idobe ọnụ ahịa zinc.N'October 2015, Glencore kwupụtara mbelata mkpokọta mmepụta zinc, nke dabara na 4% nke mmepụta ụwa, yana ọnụ ahịa zinc gbagoro karịa 7% n'otu ụbọchị ahụ.

Nke mbu, oriri zinc zuru ụwa ọnụ ka etinyere na mpaghara Eshia Pacific na Europe na America.

Na 2021, oriri zuru ụwa ọnụ nke zinc a nụchara anụcha bụ nde 14.0954, yana oriri zinc gbadoro anya na mpaghara Eshia Pacific na Europe na America, ebe China na-aza ọnụ ọgụgụ kacha elu nke oriri zinc, na-aza 48%.United States na India nọ n'ọkwa nke abụọ na nke atọ, na-aza 6% na 5% n'otu n'otu.Mba ndị ọzọ bụ isi na-azụ ahịa gụnyere mba ndị mepere emepe dịka South Korea, Japan, Belgium na Germany.

Nke abụọ bụ na a na-ekewa usoro oriri nke zinc na oriri mbụ na oriri njedebe.Oriri nke mbụ na-abụkarị zinc plating, ebe oriri ọnụ bụ tumadi akụrụngwa.Mgbanwe nke ọchịchọ na njedebe ndị ahịa ga-emetụta ọnụahịa nke zinc.

Enwere ike ikewa usoro oriri nke zinc na oriri mbụ na oriri njedebe.Nri mbụ nke zinc na-elekwasị anya na ngwa galvanized, na-aza 64%.Oriri nke zinc na-ezo aka na nhazigharị na ntinye nke ngwaahịa mbụ nke zinc na agbụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbada.N'ihe eji eji zinc eme ihe, akụrụngwa akụrụngwa na mpaghara ihe owuwu na-akpata oke kachasị, na 33% na 23% n'otu n'otu.A ga-ebunye arụmọrụ nke onye na-azụ zinc site na mpaghara oriri na-eri nri na mpaghara oriri mbụ ma na-emetụta ọkọnọ na ọchịchọ nke zinc na ọnụahịa ya.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe arụmọrụ nke nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-azụ ahịa zinc dị ka ụlọ na ụgbọ ala adịghị ike, usoro nke oriri mbụ dị ka zinc plating na zinc alloys ga-adalata, na-eme ka ntinye zinc gafere ihe achọrọ, n'ikpeazụ na-eduga na mbelata nke ọnụ ahịa zinc.

Dị ka onye na-ere ahịa zinc kasị ukwuu n'ụwa, Glencore na-achịkwa mgbasa nke zinc a nụchara anụcha n'ahịa yana uru atọ.Nke mbụ, ikike ịhazi ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa na ahịa zinc dị n'okpuru;Nke abụọ bụ ike siri ike ikenye akụrụngwa zinc;Nke atọ bụ ezigbo nghọta na ahịa zinc.Dị ka onye na-emepụta zinc kasị ukwuu n'ụwa, Glencore mepụtara 940000 tọn zinc na 2022, yana oke ahịa ahịa zuru ụwa ọnụ nke 7.2%;Olu ahia nke zinc bụ tọn 2.4 nde, yana oke ahịa zuru ụwa ọnụ nke 18.4%.Mmepụta na oke ahia nke zinc bụ nke kacha elu n'ụwa.Mmepụta nọmba mbụ nke Glencore zuru ụwa ọnụ bụ ntọala nke nnukwu mmetụta ọ na-enwe na ọnụ ahịa zinc, yana ọnụọgụ azụmaahịa nke mbụ na-abawanye mmetụta a.

Mbụ, Shanghai Zinc Exchange arụwo ọrụ dị mma n'ịmepụta usoro ọnụahịa zinc ụlọ, mana mmetụta ya na ikike ịnye ọnụahịa zinc ka na-erughị nke LME.

Ọdịnihu zinc nke ndị Shanghai Stock Exchange malitere arụwo ọrụ dị mma n'ime nghọta nke ọkọnọ na ọchịchọ, ụzọ ọnụahịa, okwu ọnụahịa, na usoro nnyefe ọnụahịa ụlọ na nke mba ofesi nke ahịa zinc ụlọ.N'okpuru usoro ahịa dị mgbagwoju anya nke ahịa Zinc nke China, Shanghai Zinc Exchange enyela aka n'ịwepụta usoro ọnụahịa ahịa zinc mepere emepe, nke ziri ezi, nke ziri ezi na ikike.Azụmahịa ọdịnihu zinc nke ụlọ enweelarị ọkwa na mmetụta ụfọdụ, yana mmụba nke usoro ahịa yana mmụba nke ọnụ ahịa azụmaahịa, ọnọdụ ya na ahịa ụwa na-abawanye.N'afọ 2022, oke azụmaahịa nke Shanghai zinc ọdịnihu ka kwụsiri ike ma mụbaa ntakịrị.Dị ka data sitere na Shanghai Stock Exchange, dị ka nke na njedebe nke November 2022, trading olu nke Shanghai Zinc Futures na 2022 bụ 63906157 azụmahịa, mmụba nke 0.64% kwa afọ, na nkezi azụmahịa olu kwa ọnwa nke 5809650 azụmahịa. ;Na 2022, olu ahia ahia nke Shanghai Zinc Futures ruru ijeri yuan 7932.1, mmụba nke 11.1% kwa afọ, yana nkezi azụmaahịa kwa ọnwa nke ijeri yuan 4836.7.Agbanyeghị, ikike ịnye ọnụahịa nke zinc zuru ụwa ọnụ bụ LME na-achịkwa, yana ahịa ọdịnihu zinc ka bụ ahịa mpaghara n'ọnọdụ dị ala.

Nke abuo, ọnụahịa ntụpọ nke zinc na China esitela na nhota ndị nrụpụta na nhota ikpo okwu dị n'ịntanetị, dabere na ọnụ ahịa LME.

Tupu 2000, ọ dịghị zinc ntụpọ ikpo okwu ọnụahịa ahịa na China, na ntụpọ ahịa price bụ isi hiwere dabere na nhota nke emeputa.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na Delta Pearl River, Zhongjin Lingnan tọhapụrụ ọnụ ahịa ya, ebe ọ bụ n'osimiri Yangtze, Zhuzhou Smelter na Huludao bụ ndị Zhuzhou Smelter na Huludao na-esetịpụ ọnụ ahịa ya.Usoro ọnụahịa ezughị oke enweela mmetụta dị ukwuu na ọrụ kwa ụbọchị nke ụlọ ọrụ dị elu na nke dị n'okpuru ala n'agbụ ụlọ ọrụ zinc.N'afọ 2000, Shanghai Nonferrous Metals Network (SMM) hiwere netwọkụ ya, na nkwuputa ikpo okwu ya ghọrọ ntụaka maka ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ iji kwụọ ntụpọ zinc ọnụ.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, isi okwu ndị dị na ahịa ntụpọ ụlọ gụnyere nhota sitere na Nan Chu Business Network na Shanghai Metal Network, mana nhota sitere na nyiwe ịntanetị na-ezo aka na ọnụ ahịa LME.

Nke mbụ, ngụkọta ego zinc dị na China nọ n'ọkwa nke abụọ n'ụwa, mana nkezi ogo dị ala yana mwepu akụrụngwa siri ike.

China nwere nnukwu akụ ọla edo zinc, nke abụọ n'ụwa na-esote Australia.Akụrụngwa zinc nke ụlọ na-etinyekarị na mpaghara dịka Yunnan (24%), Mongolia Inner (20%), Gansu (11%) na Xinjiang (8%).Otú ọ dị, ọkwa nke nkwụnye ego zinc na China na-adịkarị ala, yana ọtụtụ obere ogbunigwe na nnukwu ogbunigwe ole na ole, yana ọtụtụ ogbunigwe ndị dị nro na nke bara ụba.Mwepụta akụrụngwa siri ike yana ọnụ ahịa ụgbọ njem dị elu.

Nke abuo, mmepụta ọla zinc nke China bụ nke mbụ n'ụwa, na mmetụta nke ndị na-emepụta zinc n'ụlọ na-abawanye.

Mmepụta zinc nke China anọgidewo na-abụ nke kasị ukwuu n'ụwa ruo ọtụtụ afọ n'usoro.N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, site n'ụzọ dị iche iche dị ka ụlọ ọrụ dị n'etiti, mgbago elu na nke mgbada na nnweta na nnweta, na ntinye ego, China ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ guzobe otu ụlọ ọrụ zinc nwere mmetụta zuru ụwa ọnụ, yana ụlọ ọrụ atọ dị n'etiti ndị na-emepụta zinc ọla zuru ụwa ọnụ.Zijin Mining bụ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-emepụta zinc na China, yana ọkwa mmepụta zinc ore n'etiti ise kachasị elu n'ụwa niile.Na 2022, mmepụta zinc bụ tọn 402000, na-aza 9.6% nke mkpokọta mmepụta ụlọ.Minmetals Resources bụ nke isii n'ụwa niile, yana mmepụta zinc nke tọn 225000 na 2022, na-aza 5.3% nke mkpokọta mmepụta ụlọ.Zhongjin Lingnan nọ n'ọkwa nke itoolu n'ụwa niile, yana mmepụta zinc nke tọn 193000 na 2022, na-aza 4.6% nke mkpokọta mmepụta ụlọ.Ndị ọzọ na-emepụta zinc buru ibu gụnyere Chihong Zinc Germanium, Zinc Industry Co., Ltd., Baiyin Nonferrous Metals, wdg.

Nke atọ, China bụ nnukwu ndị na-eji zinc eme ihe, yana oriri gbadoro ụkwụ na ngalaba nke galvanizing na akụrụngwa ala na ala ala.

N'afọ 2021, oriri zinc nke China bụ nde tọn 6.76, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nnukwu ndị na-eri zinc n'ụwa.Zinc plating bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị ukwuu nke oriri zinc na China, na-aza ihe dịka 60% nke oriri zinc;Ndị na-esote bụ zinc alloy na-anwụ anwụ na zinc oxide, na-aza 15% na 12% n'otu n'otu.Ebe isi ngwa nke galvanizing bụ akụrụngwa na ezigbo ụlọ.N'ihi uru zuru oke nke China na oriri zinc, ọganihu nke akụrụngwa na mpaghara ụlọ ga-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na ọkọnọ, ọchịchọ na ọnụahịa nke zinc zuru ụwa ọnụ.

Ndabere na mpụga China na zinc dị oke elu ma na-egosipụta usoro elu doro anya, ebe isi mbubata bụ Australia na Peru.Kemgbe afọ 2016, oke ntinye zinc na-ebubata na China na-abawanye kwa afọ, ma ugbu a ọ bụrụla nnukwu ndị na-ebubata ọla zinc n'ụwa.N'afọ 2020, mbubata ndabere nke zinc uche karịrị 40%.Site na mba site na mba, mba nwere mbupụ zinc kacha elu na China na 2021 bụ Australia, yana nde tọn anụ ahụ 1.07 n'ime afọ niile, na-aza 29.5% nke ngụkọta mbubata zinc nke China;Nke abuo, Peru na-ebupụ 780000 tọn anụ ahụ na China, na-aza 21.6% nke ngụkọta mbubata zinc nke China.Ndabere dị elu na mbubata ọla kọpa zinc na ntinye uche nke mpaghara mbubata pụtara na nkwụsi ike nke nnweta zinc a nụchara anụcha nwere ike imetụta site na ọkọnọ na njedebe njem, nke bụkwa otu n'ime ihe kpatara China ji nọrọ n'enweghị nsogbu na azụmaahịa mba ofesi nke zinc na nwere ike nabata ọnụ ahịa ahịa zuru ụwa ọnụ.

E bipụtara akụkọ a na mbụ na mbipụta mbụ nke China Mining Daily na Mee 15th