Kedu ihe dị iche n'etiti Graphite na Lead July?

Isi ihe dị iche n'etiti graphite na lead bụ na graphite adịghị egbu egbu ma kwụsie ike nke ukwuu, ebe ndu na-egbu egbu na enweghị ntụkwasị obi.

Kedu ihe bụ Graphite?

Graphite bụ allotrope nke carbon nwere ihe kwụsiri ike, kristal.Ọ bụ ụdị coal.Ọzọkwa, ọ bụ mineral nke ala.Mineral ala ala bụ ihe nwere otu kemịkalụ nke na-eme n'okike na-ejikọtaghị ya na ihe ọ bụla ọzọ.Ọzọkwa, graphite bụ ụdị carbon kachasị kwụsiri ike nke na-eme na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na nrụgide.Akụkụ ugboro ugboro nke graphite allotrope bụ carbon (C).Graphite nwere sistemu kristal hexagonal.Ọ na-apụta na agba ígwè-oji ruo nchara-acha ntụ ntụ ma nweekwa ọmarịcha ọla.Agba nke graphite bụ oji (agba nke mineral powdered finely).

Ọdịdị kristal graphite nwere lattice ebuanu.O nwere mpempe akwụkwọ graphene kewapụrụ na anya 0.335 nm.Na nhazi nke graphite a, anya dị n'etiti carbon carbon bụ 0.142 nm.Atọm carbon ndị a na-ejikọta ibe ha site na njikọ covalent, otu carbon atom nwere njikọ atọ covalent gburugburu ya.valency nke carbon atom bụ 4;ya mere, e nwere elektrọn nke anọ na-adịghị na nke ọ bụla na carbon carbon nke ihe owuwu a.Ya mere, electron a nweere onwe ya ịkwaga, na-eme ka graphite na-eduzi eletrik.Grafite eke bara uru na refractories, batrị, nchara ígwè, graphite gbasaa, breeki lining, ihu ebe a na-ahụ ihe, na mmanụ mmanu.

Kedu ihe bụ Lead?

Lead bụ ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ nwere nọmba atọm 82 yana akara kemịkalụ Pb.Ọ na-apụta dị ka ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ ọla.Igwe a bụ ọla dị arọ ma dị oke ọnụ karịa ọtụtụ ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị anyị maara.Ọzọkwa, ndu nwere ike ime dị ka ọla dị nro na nke na-adịghị ahụkebe nwere ebe mgbaze dị ntakịrị.Anyị nwere ike bee a metal n'ụzọ dị mfe, na o nwere àgwà-acha anụnụ anụnụ ndumodu tinyere silvery isi awọ dara ọdịdị.Nke kachasị mkpa, igwe a nwere ọnụọgụ atọm kachasị elu nke ihe ọ bụla kwụsiri ike.

Mgbe ị na-atụle nnukwu ihe onwunwe nke ndu, ọ nwere nnukwu njupụta, malleability, ductility, na nnukwu iguzogide corrosion n'ihi passivation.Lead nwere nhazi cubic nke gbadoro ụkwụ n'ihu yana oke atomiki dị elu, nke na-ebute njupụta dị ukwuu karịa njupụta nke ọla ndị a na-ahụkarị dịka ígwè, ọla kọpa, na zinc.Ọ bụrụ na atụnyere ọtụtụ ọla, ndu nwere ebe mgbaze dị ala, ebe isi ya bụkwa nke kacha ala n'etiti ihe iri na anọ.

Ledu na-emekarị ka ọ bụrụ oyi akwa nchebe mgbe ikuku na-ekpuchi ya.Ihe na-emekarị na oyi akwa a bụ lead(II) carbonate.E nwekwara ike inwe akụkụ sulfate na chloride nke lead.Igwe oyi akwa a na-eme ka igwe ndu dị n'elu ikuku nke ọma na-abanye n'ime ikuku.Ọzọkwa, fluorine gas nwere ike meghachi omume na lead na ọnụ ụlọ okpomọkụ ka ọ mepụta lead(II) fluoride.Enwere mmeghachi omume yiri nke ahụ na gas chlorine, mana ọ chọrọ ikpo ọkụ.Ewezuga nke ahụ, metal lead na-eguzogide sulfuric acid na phosphoric acid mana ọ na-emeghachi omume na HCl na HNO3 acid.Organic acid dị ka acetic acid nwere ike igbari ndu na ọnụnọ oxygen.N'otu aka ahụ, alkali acid nwere ike igbari na-eduga n'ịme plumbites.

Ebe ọ bụ na amachibidoro ndu na USA na 1978 dị ka ihe dị na agba n'ihi mmetụta nsị, ejighị ya maka mmepụta pensụl.Agbanyeghị, ọ bụ isi ihe eji eme pensụl tupu oge ahụ.Achọpụtara lead dị ka ihe na-egbu egbu nye mmadụ.Ya mere, ndị mmadụ na-achọ ihe ndị ga-eji dochie ledu ihe ọzọ iji rụpụta pensụl.

Kedu ihe dị iche n'etiti Graphite na Lead?

Graphite na lead bụ ihe dị mkpa kemịkalụ n'ihi ihe bara uru na ngwa ha.Isi ihe dị iche n'etiti graphite na lead bụ na graphite adịghị egbu egbu ma kwụsie ike nke ukwuu, ebe ndu na-egbu egbu na enweghị ntụkwasị obi.

Lead bụ ígwè na-adịghị emeghachi omume mgbe mgbanwe gasịrị.Anyị nwere ike igosi àgwà ọla na-adịghị ike nke ndu site na iji ọdịdị amphoteric ya.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, lead na lead oxides na-emeghachi omume na acids na bases ma na-enwekarị njikọ nke covalent.Ngwakọta dị iche iche nke ndu na-enwekarị ọnọdụ +2 oxidation nke ndu karịa ọnọdụ +4 oxidation (+4 bụ oxidation kachasị maka ihe kemịkalụ 14 otu).