Ọrụ na Usoro nke Sodium Sulphide na Flotation nke Oxidized Lead-Zinc Ores

Ihe ndị dị n'ime mineral ndị e ji oxidized lead-zinc mineral (cerussite, anglesite, smithsonite, hemimorphite, wdg) nwere elu hydrophilic ma enweghị ike ịfefe ya ozugbo na ndị na-anakọta xanthate. Mgbakwunye nke sodium sulphide sulphide na-eme ka ọla ahụ dị n'ime, na-eme ka xanthates na-abanye n'ime ya. E wezụga sulphidization na activation, sodium sulphide na-enyekwa mbelata nhọrọ, mgbanwe pH pulp, na ọrụ mwepụ reagent, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị mkpa na nhazi lead-zinc oxidized.

I. Sulphidization na mmalite

1. Usoro mmeghachi omume
   Sodium sulphide hydrolyzes n'ime mmiri iji mepụta ion S²⁻ na HS⁻, nke na-emeghachi omume na ion ígwè dị n'elu na mineral lead-zinc oxidized site na mmiri mgbasa, na-emepụta ihe nkiri sulphide hydrophobic:

Cerussite:
PbCO₃ + 2HS⁻ → PbS + CO₂ + H₂O (mmeghachi omume ihe atụ; ihe njide onyonyo)

Smithsonite:
ZnCO₃ + 2HS⁻ → ZnS + CO₂ + H₂O (mmeghachi omume ihe atụ; ihe njide onyonyo)

Ihe nkiri PbS e mepụtara dị oke ma kwụsie ike, na-amịkọrọ xanthate nke ọma ma na-enye lead oxidized nwere ike iyi sulphide. Ihe nkiri ZnS na-adị nro ma na-enwe ike ịfụcha ma wepụ ya; naanị sodium sulphide ezughi oke maka zinc oxidized na-ese n'elu mmiri, nke chọrọ ka emee ka ọ rụọ ọrụ nke abụọ na ndị na-anakọta amine ma emechaa.

2. Uru ngwa
   Na-enweghị sodium sulphide, mgbake zuru oke nke zinc lead-zinc nke a na-akpọ oxidized dị ala. Site na sulphidization kwesịrị ekwesị, mgbake lead na-abawanye nke ukwuu. Sulphidization bụ ihe dị mkpa maka flotation nke ore oxidized. N'omume, a na-ebu ụzọ tinye sodium sulphide maka sulphidization, wee soro xanthate maka flotation lead ahọpụtara.

II. Ịda mbà n'obi nhọrọ

1. Mbelata nke ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha dịka sphalerite na pyrite
   Oke S²⁻ dị na pulp na-ekpuchi elu galena, sphalerite, na pyrite, na-egbochi mmịpụta xanthate ma na-akpata mmetụta ịda mbà n'obi.
   N'ọkwa flotation nke ndu buru ibu, a na-eji obere dose sodium sulphide mee ka naanị lead oxidized rụọ ọrụ; oke mbelata na-ebelata lead ma na-ebelata sphalerite mbụ nke ukwuu, si otú a na-enweta nkewa zinc-lead.
   Maka usoro zinc flotation, a ga-asacha ọdụdụ ndu nke ọma iji belata mkpokọta sodium sulphide fọdụrụ ma wepụ ịda mbà n'obi, tupu ejiri ndị na-anakọta amine weghachite zinc.
2. Iwu usoro onunu ogwu
   Ọgwụ ezughi oke: ihe nkiri sulphide dị gịrịgịrị na nke na-ezughị ezu, mgbake dị ala nke lead.
   Ọnụọgụ dị n'etiti: mkpali zuru oke nke ndu oxidized na mbelata dị n'etiti nke sphalerite, nkewa kachasị mma.
   Oke ọgwụ: oke S²⁻ na-ebelata ma lead oxidized na sphalerite, na-eme ka lead na zinc gbakee nke ukwuu.

III. Nhazi pulp

1. mgbanwe pH
   Mmiri nke sodium sulphide na-enye mmiri alkaline siri ike, na-ejigide pH nke pulp n'ime oke dị mma nke 8.5–11. Gburugburu alkaline na-egbochi mmebi oxidative nke ihe nkiri sulphide, na-eme ka sulphidization kwụsie ike.
2. Eh njikwa
   Ion sulphide ndị na-ebelata na-ebelata ikike oxidation nke pulp, na-egbochi oxidation nke ihe nkiri PbS. Maka ihe ndị e ji oxidation mee nke ukwuu, a ga-ejigide oke sodium sulphide dị ka ihe na-ebelata.
3. Mmiri mmiri nke ion ígwè dị arọ na-emerụ ahụ
   Ion Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, na Fe³⁺ dị n'ime pulp na-eme ka mineral gangue rụọ ọrụ nke ọma, na-ebelata nhọrọ. S²⁻ na-akpali ion ndị a dị ka sulphides, na-ewepụ nnyonye anya ma na-ebelata oriri reagent na-enweghị isi.
4. Mgbasa slime
   Ngwaahịa alkaline hydrolysis na-agbasa obere slime dị nro, na-ebelata mkpuchi nke elu mineral ndị a chọrọ site na slime.

IV. Ọrụ nke na-ebelata nrụgide/ịpụpụ ihe n'anya
Mgbe e mepụtara ngwakọta lead-zinc oxidized concentrate, enwere ike itinye nnukwu sodium sulphide na nnukwu njupụta. S²⁻ na-ewepụ xanthate a gwakọtara agwakọta n'elu ala mineral, na-ewepụ ihe nchịkọta ahụ nke ọma. Mgbe a sachara ma chụpụ ya, a na-etinye sulphidization na nkewa nkewa iji dozie ihe ndị metụtara lead-zinc akpọchiri akpọchi. A na-ejikarị nke a eme ihe na sekit flotation nke polymetallic oxygen-sulphide dị mgbagwoju anya.

V. Ọdịiche dị n'etiti sodium sulphide na lead na zinc minerals

1. Ndu e ji oxidized lead (cerussite) – na-emepụta ihe nkiri PbS dị oke; sodium sulphide dị mma zuru oke maka flotation kwụsiri ike; naanị oke na-akpata ịda mbà n'obi. Dabara adaba maka flotation nke xanthate dabere na nnukwu lead.
2. Zinc oxidized (smithsonite) – na-emepụta ihe nkiri ZnS dị nro; naanị sodium sulphide enweghị ike ise n'elu ya. Sodium sulphide na-arụ ọrụ naanị dị ka ọgwụgwọ tupu oge eruo, a na-achọkwa ndị na-anakọta cationic dị ka octadecylamine ma ọ bụ dodecylamine. Sodium sulphide fọdụrụ na-ebelata ike zinc flotation nke oxidized.

VI. Ndụmọdụ dị mkpa maka omume ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe

1. Kewaa mgbakwunye: tinye ma n'ọkwa ngweri na n'elu mmiri iji mee ka oge kọntaktị nke sulphidization dịkwuo elu.
2. Ọ dị mkpa ka e jiri mmiri na-agbaze ma na-asa ahụ iji belata sodium sulphide fọdụrụ tupu zinc flotation.
3. Maka ihe ndị e ji ụrọ rụọ nke nwere oxidation dị elu, jikọta ya na ihe ndị na-ebelata ihe (ntụ ntụ ígwè) na ihe ndị na-agbasa (sodium hexametaphosphate) iji mee ka ihe nkiri sulphide ahụ sie ike.

Mmetụta ọjọọ: mmepụta nke gas àkwá rere ure (H₂S) na-egbu egbu - ọ dị mkpa ka ikuku abata; ihe na-eme ka ihe dị oke njọ na-eme ka ọnụ ahịa dịkwuo elu; ọkwa sulphide mmiri mkpofu gafere oke.
Ihe pụrụ iche: NaHS, ọ bụrụ na ejiri ya, na-ere ere ngwa ngwa.